Monday, November 4, 2013

Solid waste management - sources, effects and methods of disposal

Solid waste management

Rapid population growth and urbanization in developing countries has led to people generating enormous quantities of solid waste and consequent environmental degradation. The waste is normally disposed in open dumpscreating nuisance and environmental degradation. Solid wastes cause a major risk to public health and the environment. Management of solid wastes is important in order to minimize the adverse effects posed by their indiscriminate disposal.

Types of solid wastes: Depending on the nature of origin, solid wastes are classified into
  1. URBAN OR MUNICIPAL WASTES
  2. INDUSTRIAL WASTES and
  3. HAZARDOUS WASTES
SOURCES OF URBAN WASTES
Urban wastes include the following wastes:
Domestic wastes containing a variety of materials thrown out from homes
Ex: Food waste, Cloth, Waste paper, Glass bottles, Polythene bags, Waste metals, etc.
Commercial wastes: It includes wastes coming out from shops, markets, hotels, offices, institutions, etc.
Ex: Waste paper, packaging material, cans, bottle, polythene bags, etc.
Construction wastes: It includes wastes of construction materials.
Ex: Wood, Concrete, Debris, etc.
Biomedical wastes: It includes mostly waste organic materials
Ex: Anatomical wastes, Infectious wastes, etc.

Classification of urban wastes
Urban wastes are classified into:
Bio-degradable wastes - Those wastes that can be degraded by micro organisms are called bio-degradable wastes
Ex: Food, vegetables, tea leaves, dry leaves, etc.
Non-biodegradable wastes: Urban solid waste materials that cannot be degraded by micro organisms are called non-biodegradable wastes.
Ex: Polythene bags, scrap materials, glass bottles, etc.

SOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES
The main source of industrial wastes are chemical industries, metal and mineral processing industries.
Ex:
Nuclear plants: It generated radioactive wastes
Thermal power plants: It produces fly ash in large quantities
Chemical Industries: It produces large quantities of hazardous and toxic materials.
Other industries: Other industries produce packing materials, rubbish, organic wastes, acid, alkali, scrap metals, rubber, plastic, paper, glass, wood, oils, paints, dyes, etc.

EFFECT OF IMPROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
  1. Due to improper disposal of municipal solid waste on the roads and immediate surroundings, biodegradable materials undergo decomposition producing foul smell and become a breeding ground for disease vectors.
  2. Industrial solid wastes are the source for toxic metals and hazardous wastes that affect soil characteristics and productivity of soils when they are dumped on the soil
  3. Toxic substances may percolate into the ground and contaminate the groundwater.
  4. Burning of industrial or domestic wastes (cans, pesticides, plastics, radioactive materials and batteries) produce furans, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls that are harmful to human beings.
Solid waste management involves waste generation, mode of collection, transportation, segregation of wastes and disposal techniques.

STEPS INVOLVED IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Two important steps involved in solid waste management are:
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle of Raw Materials
Discarding wastes

Reduce - If usage of raw materials is reduced, the generation of waste also gets reduced
Reuse  - Refillable containers that are discarded after use can be reused
               Rubber rings can be made from discarded cucle tubes and this reduces waste generation during      manufacture of rubber bands.
Recycle- Recycling is the reprocessing of discarded materials into new useful products
Ex:     Old aluminium cans and glass bottles are melted and recast into new cans and bottles
          Preparation of cellulose insulation from paper
          Preparation of automobile body and construction material from steel cans
This method (Reduce, Reuse & Recycle), i.e, 3R's help save money, energy, raw materials and reduces pollution.

DISCARDING WASTES:
The following methods are adopted for discarding wastes:
  1. Landfill
  2. Incineration and
  3. Composting
LANDFILL: Solid wastes are placed in a sanitary landfill in which alternate layers of 80 cm thick refuse is covered with selected earth-fill of 20 cm thickness. After 2-3 years solid waste volume shrinks by 25-30% and land is used for parks, roads and small buildings. This is the most common and cheapest cheapest method of waste disposal and is mostly employed in Indian cities.
Advantages:
It is simple and economical
Segregation of wastes is not required
Landfilled areas can be reclaimed and used for other purposes
Converts low-lying, marshy waste-land into useful areas.
Natural resources are returned to soil and recycled.
Disadvantages:
Large area is required
Land availability is away from the town, tansportation costs are high
Leads to bad odour if landfill is not properly managed.
Land filled areas will be sources of mosquitoes and flies requiring application of insecticides and pesticides at regular intervals.
Causes fire hazard due to formation of methane in wet weather.

INCINERATION:
It is a hygenic way of disposing solid waste. It is suitable if waste contains more hazardous material and organic content. It is a thermal process and very effective for detoxification of all combustible pathogens. It is expensive when compared to composting or land-filling.
In this method municipal solid wastes are burnt in a furnace called incinerator. Combustibe substances such as rubbish, garbage, dead organisms and non-combustibe matter such as glass, porcelain and metals are separated before feeding to incinerators. The non-combustible materials can be left out for recycling and reuse. The leftover ashes and clinkers may account for about 10 to 20% which need further disposal by sanitary landfill or some other means.

The heat produced in the incinerator during burning of refuse is used in the form of steam power for generation of electricity through turbines. Municipal solid waste is generally wet and has a high calorific value. Therefore, it has to be dried first before burning. Waste is dried in a preheater from where it is taken to a large incinerating furnace called "destructor" which can incinerate about 100 to 150 tonnes per hour. Temperature normally maintained in a combustion chamber is about 700 C which may be increased to 1000 C when electricity is to be generated.

ADVANTAGES
Residue is only 20-25% of the original and can be used as clinker after treatment
Requires very little space
Cost of transportation is not high if the incinerator is located within city limits
Safest from hygenic point of view
An incinerator plant of 3000 tonnes per day capacity can generate 3MW of power.

DISADVANTAGES
Its capital and operating cost is high
Operation needs skilled personnel
Formation of smoke, dust and ashes needs further disposal and that may cause air pollution.

COMPOSTING
It is another popular method practiced in many cities in our country. In this method, bulk organic waste is converted into fertilizer by biological action.
Separated compostible waste is dumped in underground trenches in layers of 1.5m and finally covered with earth of 20cm and left for decomposition. Sometimes, actinomycetes are introduced for active decomposition. Within 2 to 3 days biological action starts. Organic matter is destroyed by actinomycetes and lot of heat is liberated increasing the temperature of compost by 75C and the refuse is finally converted into powdery brown coloured odourless mass called humus that has a fertilizing value and can be used in agriculture. Humus contains lot of Nitrogen essential for plant growth apart from phosphates and other minerals.
ADVANTAGES
Manure added to soil increases water retention and ion-exchange capacity of soil.
This method can be used to treat several industrial solid wastes.
Manure can be sold thereby reducing cost of disposing wastes
Recycling can be done
DISADVANTAGES
Non-consumables have to be disposed separately
The technology has not caught-up with the farmers and hence does not have an assured market.

85 comments:

  1. Thanks for sharing about solid waste in detail. I think everyone should take a step for cleaning our environment.

    Recycled Concrete Aggregate

    ReplyDelete
  2. Thank you for your post. This is excellent information. It is amazing and wonderful to visit your site.
    food waste management & solutions

    ReplyDelete
  3. I have visited your post and found some information which is very important for me.So, please keep posting
    E Waste Recycling Centers India

    ReplyDelete
  4. Thank you for your post. This is excellent information. It is amazing and wonderful to visit your site.
    food waste management & solutions

    ReplyDelete
  5. Thank you for your post. This is excellent information. It is amazing and wonderful to visit your site.
    food waste management strategies

    ReplyDelete

  6. Thank you for your post. This is excellent information. It is amazing and wonderful to visit your site.
    food waste management strategies

    ReplyDelete
  7. I impressed by the quality of information on this amazing site. There are a whole lot of good resources here. I am sure my spouse and i will visit this place again soon. Oil Contaminated Soil

    ReplyDelete

  8. Thank you for your post. This is excellent information. It is amazing and wonderful to visit your site.
    food waste management & solutions

    ReplyDelete
  9. Thank you for share this is such a very nice post i really like it your blog.e waste management in india.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Awesome,
    Thank you so much for sharing such an awesome blog...
    food waste management strategies

    ReplyDelete
  11. For several years I am composting my rubbish in huge containers and I can say I am getting really good at it. First I have to say it is a slow and not so easy process, but once you get the method, I am sure you will see the many benefits. More information is available on this link.

    ReplyDelete
  12. construction rubbish removal

    London Waste Removal Service - House builders or construction renovation service take place all over London. We offer removals all types of waste or construction rubbish cleaner. We offer office, furniture, garden, junk and rubbish clearance.

    to get more - http://londonwasteremovalservice.co.uk/builders/

    ReplyDelete
  13. Thanks a lot for sharing such a good sources with all, i appreciative your efforts taken for the each. I find this worth sharing and must share this with all.TE waste recycling company in Hyderabad.

    ReplyDelete
  14. Thanks it helps in BTech to clear my exam of evs😎😎😎😎😎

    ReplyDelete
  15. We are among the best solid waste management companies in India. You know very well daily life in industrialized nation can generate several pounds of solid waste per consumer. We all need to do like that because government appreciated this type of management.

    ReplyDelete
  16. Very significant Information for us, I have think the representation of this Information is actually superb one. This is my first visit to your site.

    Cheap House Waste Removal Fulham

    ReplyDelete


  17. You have discussed an interesting topic that everybody should know. Very well explained with examples. I have found a similar
    websitewaste oil collection visit the site to know more about coopersenviro.

    ReplyDelete
  18. It is a good thought about environment. All the public should be avared of this solid waste

    ReplyDelete
  19. Thanks for this updated list. Waiting for more sites…Aluminium Scaffolding Rental

    ReplyDelete
  20. Convexicon India leading as best Solid Waste management Companies in India. We are providing the best waste management solution for every organization.

    ReplyDelete
  21. According to me, solid waste like tyres, glass bottles, rubber, plastic, etc. causes pollution of water, air and on land. solid waste management helps us dispose these waste materials and recycle them so that we can make reusable products and save energy ultimately saving our natural resources...
    rubbish removal sydney

    ReplyDelete
  22. Very nice post. I really enjoy the reading. I come here from the google while searching for some good article.Thanks
    waste disposal services near me

    ReplyDelete
  23. the most prominent favorable position of waste disposal UK is keeping the earth crisp and perfect.

    ReplyDelete
  24. You ought to be a part of a contest for one of the finest sites on the internet. I will recommend this web site!
    Waste Management

    ReplyDelete
  25. Virogreen provide high-quality waste recycling services in Sharjah, using the state of the art technology and equipment at our secured facility to get raw materials back from wastes for remanufacturing.

    ReplyDelete
  26. Top most Recycling Companies in Sharjah , offering complete end-to-end recycling solutions for your e-waste.

    ReplyDelete
  27. The topmost E waste dealers in Pune is offering complete recycling solutions, making sure you would get raw materials back from wastes for remanufacturing and keep the environment safe from toxic contamination.

    ReplyDelete
  28. Great post! This post clearly confirms the fact that it is important you know how to implement the right strategy of link building.
    Electronic waste disposal process in Hyderabad.

    ReplyDelete
  29. Very Nice blog on thermal effects of pollution and waste disposal effects.

    If you are looking for the best waste disposal company in bangalore, Saahas Zero Waste provides waste management solutions for Tech Parks, residential complexes and institutions. Contact for more info by visiting the below given link!

    Waste Disposal Management Solutions | Saahas Zero Waste

    ReplyDelete
  30. Very Nice blog on thermal effects of pollution and waste disposal effects. Thanks for such a valuable information. If you are looking for hazardous waste incinerator you can contact alfa therm ltd

    ReplyDelete
  31. I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post.

    junk removal New York

    ReplyDelete
  32. Absolutely rocking solid information, this is the kind of topic I've been writing for about two years now. Here are some of my recycling tips to keep your trash on track. Hope they help you, guys.

    ReplyDelete
  33. Very nice blog thanks for sharing this with us!

    Saahas Zero Waste is one of the best waste management companies in hyderabad, which offers waste management services to corporates, residential apartments, schools and colleges to ensure the effective disposal of waste generated. Visit the link for more info.

    ReplyDelete
  34. Very Informative Post. Thanks for sharing.
    Keep Going.

    You can visit Waste Composting Machine which is fully automatic and highly compact compost machine.

    ReplyDelete
  35. The blog is absolutely fantastic. Lots of great information.
    E waste recycling in India

    ReplyDelete
  36. Excellent Blog. I really want to admire the quality of this post.
    E waste recycling company in India

    ReplyDelete
  37. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  38. Great Information.
    Thanks for sharing.

    You can visit - solid waste management equipements here.

    ReplyDelete
  39. I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you post.

    Drain Field Repairs Debary

    ReplyDelete
  40. Great Article.
    Thanks for sharing this type of informative post with us.

    You can visit Alfa Therm Ltd for the Best Solid Waste Management Equipements.

    ReplyDelete
  41. Happy to see your post as it is just what I’ve looking for. BRP INFOTECH is one of the best offering E-waste recycling centre in Visakhapatnam. It is offering complete and safe disposal of Electronic waste and data destruction.

    ReplyDelete
  42. Informative Post.
    Thanks for sharing

    You can Visit Alfa Therm Ltd to check out the Fully Automatic Composting Machine which is highly compact and easy to operate.

    ReplyDelete
  43. Aasaan Waste Management is an internationally accepted ERP system to manage any type of Biomedical Waste Management business.
    Waste Management Systems
    Waste Management Software

    ReplyDelete
  44. Flexible: Most junk removal services are flexible as far as they will let you determine just how much junk gets removed from your home. Junk removal Thousand Oaks

    ReplyDelete
  45. Nice blog! I like your post very much. Your given information is very useful to us. We "Cloud Tech Pvt. Ltd." is a best Odor Control Unit in India. We provide the best solution to remove odor from the garbage.

    ReplyDelete
  46. Its real hard to find this well written posts, adding to your post if you are looking for plastic waste management in India contact The Shakti plastic Industries

    ReplyDelete
  47. Interesting blog, here a lot of valuable information is available, it is very useful information. E-waste Collection Centre in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  48. Rubbish removal london This particular is usually apparently essential and moreover outstanding truth along with for sure fair-minded and moreover admittedly useful My business is looking to find in advance designed for this specific useful stuffs…

    ReplyDelete
  49. Small building management nyc I admire this article for the well-researched content and excellent wording. I got so involved in this material that I couldn’t stop reading. I am impressed with your work and skill. Thank you so much.

    ReplyDelete
  50. This is a nice and great blog because that it contains informative knowledge. please keep sharing this information with us. If your are looking for these best Sofa Collection Manchester services. Our company provides the best services in United Kingdom.

    ReplyDelete
  51. I like your blog because that this blog contains informative knowledge. If your are looking for these best Waste Collection Grays services. Our company provides the best services in United Kingdom.

    ReplyDelete
  52. Thanks For Sharing. Especia Associates is one of the leading Financial Advisors & Consultants company In India. We provide CA Services, CFO Services, Company Secretary Services, and ESOP Services. An ESOP is a benefit plan that has provisions for the company, employees, and the original owners where the owners sell shares to the ESOP Trust that holds the fund for the employees. If you think in your mind about How to Sell ESOP Shares then call 9310165114 or visit us at How to Sell ESOP Shares

    ReplyDelete
  53. The blog seems to share interesting tips Junk removal Hickory MD I like this information as I was looking for junk removal services at affordable pricing. Maybe I will share with facebook group friends about this blog.

    ReplyDelete
  54. Thanks for sharing this blog.

    Municipal solid waste management is very important for the environment.

    We are also providing solutions for disposal and treatment of all types of waste and reduction of landfills in India

    Waste is gold

    ReplyDelete
  55. Zero-waste living has become a popular environmental aspiration. Many approaches to zero-waste living exist, and individuals are turning to them for various reasons.

    https://zerowasterecycler.wordpress.com/2022/04/19/7-ways-to-reduce-and-control-e-waste-management/

    ReplyDelete
  56. Thanks for sharing this information.

    Disposal and treatment of Commercial waste is a critical problem. we are also working towards solving waste management problems.

    ReplyDelete
  57. Cloudtech Solid Waste Odor Control the release of odorous substances such as sulfides and improve ambient air compliance. Learn how Cloud Tech Solid Waste Odor Control treatments can help mitigate odors to maintain a safe and environmentally compliant environment. Many industrial facilities are now facing the challenge of meeting and maintaining compliance with ambient air standards driven by air pollution regulatory agencies and workplace health and safety enforcement organizations.

    ReplyDelete
  58. Best blog, thanks for sharing this content. Best customized erp software development company.

    ReplyDelete
  59. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  60. Thanks for share the information related to Environmental Sciences.
    Fast furniture removal services

    ReplyDelete
  61. I really impressed after read this because of some quality work and informative thoughts. I just wanna say thanks for the writer and wish you all the best. Find the best pyrolysis plant uk.

    ReplyDelete
  62. Thanks for share the information related to Environmental Sciences.
    HishabKitab provides the best accountant solutions in Surat, including bookkeeping, tax preparation, and financial analysis. Our expert team uses the latest technology and tools to streamline your accounting processes, saving you time and money. Contact us now for hassle-free and accurate accounting solutions.

    ReplyDelete
  63. Thanks for share the information related to Environmental Sciences.
    "Hisabkitab" is a GST registration consultant near you who can help with registering your business for the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. GST is a tax on the supply of goods and services that has been implemented to replace multiple indirect taxes in India. Hisabkitab can assist you in understanding the GST registration process and requirements, preparing and filing your GST application, and obtaining your GST registration certificate. By engaging a GST registration consultant like Hisabkitab, you can ensure that your business is compliant with the GST regulations and avoid any penalties or legal issues.

    ReplyDelete
  64. Thanks for share the information related to Environmental Sciences.
    Are you struggling to keep up with the financial records of your business? Hisabkitab's bookkeeping services in Surat can help! Our team of experienced bookkeepers will ensure that all of your financial transactions are accurately recorded and organized, allowing you to make informed decisions for your business. With our services, you can focus on growing your business and leave the financial management to us. Whether you're a small business owner or a large corporation, Hisabkitab has the expertise to meet your bookkeeping needs. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help you keep your business finances in check!

    ReplyDelete
  65. Solid waste management is an issue that demands our immediate attention, and this insightful post highlights its significance while shedding light on the sources, effects, and methods of disposal. 

    In conclusion, this post serves as a reminder of the urgent need for efficient and sustainable solid waste management software. By understanding the sources and effects of waste, and by adopting responsible disposal methods, we can collectively contribute to a cleaner environment and safeguard the well-being of present and future generations.

    Let's join forces and take action to transform our waste management practices, ensuring a greener and more sustainable future for all.

    ReplyDelete
  66. Hazardous Wasteshould be disposed of properly as it can give a danger to the community and environment. Look for a waste company that can help your business to audit and manage the waste.

    ReplyDelete
  67. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete

  68. Lots of thanks for this great information.Convexicon India provides ICT Based Smart Solid Waste Management system for monitoring or tracking door to door waste collection & bin level tracking solutions in India, Delhi NCR, Gurgaon.

    ReplyDelete
  69. MAEH is a truseted provider of certified industrial waste management company in Singapore. We also provide Industrial waste incineration in Singapore.Industrial waste incineration

    ReplyDelete
  70. MAEH specialises in toxic industry waste management and dispoal of toxic industrial waste. We are the first waste management company in the region to receive the ISO 14001 Certification in 1999.Disposal of toxic industrial waste

    ReplyDelete
  71. Optimize Your Recycling Operations with the Best Recycling Software from ScrapRight

    Discover the industry-leading best recycling software by ScrapRight and streamline your recycling business for maximum efficiency. Our best-in-class recycling software empowers you to manage inventory, track materials, and simplify compliance, all from one user-friendly platform.

    ReplyDelete
  72. You've made a complex topic easy to understand. Excellent work, Reliable Space Management! Superman Junk and Moving's comprehensive services saved us time and effort during our move. The garbage dump removal service was eco-friendly, showcasing their dedication to sustainability. Exceptional service in Stamford, CT!
    For More Info: Local movers near you

    ReplyDelete