Carbon exists in the nonliving environment as:
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Carbonic acid ( HCO3−)
• Carbonate rocks (limestone and coral = CaCO3)
• Deposits of Fossil fuels
• Dead organic matter
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Carbonic acid ( HCO3−)
• Carbonate rocks (limestone and coral = CaCO3)
• Deposits of Fossil fuels
• Dead organic matter
Organic Carbon
• Hydrocarbons: CH4
• Carbohydrate: CH2O
Inorganic carbon
• Carbon Dioxide: CO2
• Calcium Carbonate: CaCO3
Carbon is released into the atmosphere in several ways
• Respiration by plants and animals.
• Decay of animal and plant matter.
• Combustion of organic material
• Production of cement.
• The ocean releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
• Volcanic eruptions and metamorphism
Carbon is taken from the atmosphere in several ways
• Photosynthesis.
• The oceans when the seawater becomes cooler, more CO2 dissolve and become carbonic acid.
• In the upper ocean areas organisms convert reduced carbon to tissues, or carbonates.
Photosynthesis
• CO2 + H2O + sunlight => CH2O + O2
Respiration
• CH2O + O2 => CO2 + H2O + energy
Human Impacts on the Carbon Cycle => Combustion or Oxidization of hydrocarbon
86% of global primary energy consumption is fossil fuels.
Fossil Fuels
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas
• Coal
CO2 Concentration
Pre-Industrial value => 280 ppm (600 billion tons)
Current value => 380 ppm (800 billion tons)
Critical value => 560 ppm (1200 billion tons)
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